Wall Street Keeps Pouring Billions Into China Despite Tough Talk by Congress

Proposed restrictions on federal retirement funds stall, while big finance expands exposure to Beijing
Published: 9/9/2025, 6:55:37 AM EDT
Wall Street Keeps Pouring Billions Into China Despite Tough Talk by Congress
A street sign in front of the New York Stock Exchange in New York on June 14, 2022. (Seth Wenig/AP Photo)
News Analysis

On Friday’s War Room with Steve Bannon, Sen. Jim Banks (R-Ind.) was asked if China was “at the point of a hard decoupling from the American financial system.”

“For sure,” he said, adding that putting economic and financial pressure on China was a negotiation tactic. “That’s the lever of strength the United States can use to bring stability to our trade relations with China,” he said on the show last week.

Banks was on the podcast to discuss an amendment he has proposed to the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) that would ban the sale of advanced computing chips to China if there is demand for those chips in the United States. But if Wall Street is any example, the big semiconductor manufacturers could get that amendment stripped out of the NDAA. Financial institutions in 2024 had succeeded in removing language that would have banned federal employees from investing in mutual funds holding Chinese stocks and bonds.

One of those funds, called the I-Fund run by the federal employee retirement program Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), was an international securities portfolio that invested in China. That fund no longer allows for China securities.

The TSP manages more than $700 billion on behalf of federal employees, including approximately 6 million civilian and military participants.

But Banks has been trying to prohibit federal employee retirement funds from investing in China since 2021. The I-Fund was not enough. He wanted all TSP offerings to restrict access to China. His bill never advanced to a floor vote.

Last year, as the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board considered removing China from the stock index that the I-Fund tracks, Congress included an amendment by then-Sen. Marco Rubio (R-Fla.) in the 2024 NDAA to ban all mutual funds with China-based holdings from being offered by TSP. That amendment was never considered.

TSP still allows for federal government employees to pick mutual funds that are invested in China. This includes Vanguard’s Emerging Markets Stock Fund Index, which invests in China-based tech giants like Tencent and Alibaba.

No Action on Wall Street Flows

This year, there have yet to be any bills or executive orders aimed at curtailing Wall Street investments in China.

In January, the Biden administration added 37 companies to the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) Entity List. Some of those companies trade on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. One example is Hoshine Silicon Industry, a supplier to solar and semiconductor manufacturers, which counts Vanguard and BlackRock as investors through international portfolios held by U.S. retail investors.

Despite high-profile divestments by some on Wall Street, like Ray Dalio’s exit from Bridgewater Associates and their subsequent selling of China stocks, others continue to send their money into China.

One of the biggest China-focused exchange-traded funds, the KraneShares CSI China Internet ETF, now manages $8.3 billion. When it launched in July 2013, it had just $100 million in assets.

Top Five China ETFs in the US

There are 24 pure China equity ETFs listed in the United States as of mid-2025, according to the ETF Database. The biggest is the KraneShares China Internet ETF, followed by two BlackRock ETFs, the iShares MSCI China, and the iShares China Large Cap fund. Deutsche Bank’s ETF, the XTrackers, invests only in China stocks listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen, and Invesco is the KraneShares’ China tech rival.
ETF tickers of the biggest China ETFs with their launch dates in parenthesis. (Chart: NTD, Source: ETF Database)
ETF tickers of the biggest China ETFs with their launch dates in parenthesis. Chart: NTD, Source: ETF Database

Congressional Paralysis?

There currently exist a few restrictions on publicly traded Chinese military companies and human rights violators accessing U.S. capital, said Justin Bernier, CEO of the National Security Index, an ETF company listed on Nasdaq.

“But overall, Congressional leaders have killed every piece of legislation meant to cut off the money. Treasury hasn’t added a Chinese stock to its sanctions list since the first Trump administration.

“This inaction is a testament to Wall Street’s raw power in Washington,” Bernier Told NTD.

A study published in August by the Prague Securities Studies Institute in the Czech Republic noted how China is becoming a major player in the space sector—from rocket launch pad operations to satellite internet designed to rival Elon Musk’s Starlink.

The report highlighted how American investors are giving Beijing the financial muscle to compete in the new space race.

For example, China’s Aerospace Corporation has a large family tree of unsanctioned defense-related companies that continue to receive money from American investors. One of them is China Aerospace International Holdings Limited (CASIL), a company involved in the Chinese military’s ballistic missile program, the Prague Securities study said.

CASIL stock trades in Hong Kong. Texas-based Dimensional Fund Advisors holds CASIL in 18 of its emerging-market funds available to U.S. investors. Morningstar data also show multiple Dimensional funds with CASIL exposure.

“Maximizing investor return is not the motivation for large emerging-markets funds holding slave-labor companies and foreign defense firms that rival the U.S. military,” Bernier said. “The real interest is having access to mainland China’s expanding wealth management market.

“Wall Street firms such as BlackRock and Goldman Sachs have created joint ventures with China’s state-owned banks to sell annuities and mutual funds to hundreds of millions of new clients. Wall Street gets billions in fees, and Chinese stocks get capital inflows,” he said.

“BlackRock and Goldman are not going to voluntarily divest from bad-actor companies and risk their relationships with the ruling party in Beijing. There’s too much money at stake.”